Apart from adipose tissue, which is one of the major sources of adult stem cells, bone marrow also serves as an important source. One of the most widely used types of bone-marrow-derived stem cells in therapy is Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BM-MNC)which consist of various cell populations such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HPC)lymphoid cells, monocytes, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).¹
BM-MNC used for therapeutic purposes in clinical trials are typically obtained through a bone marrow aspiration procedure from the patient and subsequently reinfused into the same patient (autologous). The aspirate then undergoes an automated separation process at ProSTEM to obtain BM-MNC, which can be directly injected into the patient or stored in a frozen state for future use. The use of an automated cell-separation device enables a shorter processing time and reduces the risk of microbial contamination, as well as producing a higher recovery of mononuclear cells with preserved, or even enhanced, functional capacity.³
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PB-MNC) are white blood cells derived from peripheral blood, consisting of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Because peripheral blood mononuclear cells originate from the bone marrow, these cells can be stimulated or mobilized by administering a systemic injection G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) or GM-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) to increase the number of PB-MNCs without compromising their function and capacity.¹
PB-MNCs can be isolated by in a less invasive manner compared to bone marrow as a source. PB-MNC transplantation is currently used to treat patients with hematologic malignancies or cancer. However, further research is still needed to understand their differentiation potential and transplantation capacity.¹ Like BM-MNCs, PB-MNCs are also isolated using an automated separation system at ProSTEM and can be either administered directly or cryopreserved for long-term use.
Reference
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Yunir E, Kurniawan F, Rezaprasga E, Wijaya IP, Suroyo I, Matondang S, Irawan C, Soewondo P. Autologous Bone-Marrow vs. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Therapy for Peripheral Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients. International Journal of Stem Cell. 2020; DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20088.
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Bhat S, Viswanathan P, Chandanala S, Prasanna SJ, Seetharam RN. Expansion and characterization of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stromal cells in serum-free conditions. Scientific Reports. 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83088-1.
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Nagai H, Miwa A, Yoneda K, Fujisawa K, Takami T. Optimizing the Seeding Density of Human Mononuclear Cells to Improve the Purity of Highly Proliferative Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel). 2023; DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010102.
